Introduction Gut dysbiosis may be involved in the pathophysiology of CKD and the relationship between the intestine and kidney is referred to as the 'gut-kidney axis,' in which the gut…
Introduction Only a few therapies have been identified as effective in preventing the advancement of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the requirement for dialysis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor…
Introduction Therapeutic treatments for desensitisation and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in patients with preformed or de novo donor-specific HLA antibodies are urgently needed (DSA). Due to preformed DSA identified at the…
Introduction For individuals with end-stage organ disease, solid organ transplantation is the gold standard therapy. The field of transplantation still faces several unique challenges, including a shortage of transplantable organs…
Introduction The endothelial glycocalyx is a thin layer consisting of proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans that lines the luminal side of vascular endothelial cells. It acts as a barrier and contributes…
