Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects 0.5–1% of people and causes chronic joint inflammation and damage. Methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line therapy, but 30–40% of patients do not respond adequately. TNF…

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by joint pain, swelling, and long-term disability, affecting millions of people globally. Although there has been significant improvement in therapy, including…