Introduction While advances in immunosuppression and transplant techniques have significantly increased the short-term survival of solid organ transplant recipients, long-term graft and patient outcomes still need to be improved in…
Introduction In the United States, there are currently over 750,000 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Around the world, 2.6 million people receive renal replace-ment therapy in the form of…
Introduction Patients who have a kidney transplant frequently experience allograft failure. When a transplant fails, difficult decisions must be made, such as when and how to wean immunosuppression and begin…
Introduction After kidney transplantation, rejection and drug-related toxicity occur despite tacrolimus whole-blood pre-dose concentrations ([Tac]blood) being within the target range. The tacrolimus concentration within peripheral blood mononuclear cells ([Tac]cells) might correlate better…
Introduction Kidney transplantation (KTx) is the preferred treatment for children with stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Potent immunosuppressants such as tacrolimus (Tac), a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF),…
