Introduction Inflammation plays a central role in determining transplant outcomes. Its intensity varies across living donation, DBD, DCD, and xenotransplantation, with pig xenografts provoking the

Introduction Renal allograft dysfunction, presenting as either acute or gradual loss of kidney function, remains a major complication following transplantation. These conditions often progress silently

Introduction Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an emerging immunomodulatory therapy that promotes donor-specific tolerance, reduces alloimmunity, and minimizes the need for long-term immunosuppression in transplant patients.

Introduction Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key cytokine driving inflammation across multiple organ systems. Sarilumab (SAR), a fully human IL-6 receptor antibody, binds both monomeric and

Introduction The treatment of autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and lupus has advanced with the use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic

Introduction Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major barrier to the success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), affecting both survival and quality of life. Macrophages

Introduction Inflammatory arthritis encompasses a range of immune-mediated joint disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), which lead to chronic joint damage

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes persistent joint inflammation, leading to pain, stiffness, and eventual cartilage and bone destruction. The